{"id":98558,"date":"2022-08-17T10:51:17","date_gmt":"2022-08-17T09:51:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/?p=98558"},"modified":"2024-09-28T19:43:28","modified_gmt":"2024-09-28T18:43:28","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a3%d9%88-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%b6-%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a3%d9%88-%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%b6-%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621: \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u0635\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629” \u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629”"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n

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\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u063a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 2 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1917 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a):<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0641\u0636. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0651 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645”.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

“\u0631\u0648\u062d <\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627> \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062d <\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627> \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635. <\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 <\u0643\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646”.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n

\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646: 1- \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 2 – \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/h3>\n

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\u0631\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/h3>\n

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\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0632\u0639\u062c\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f 1338 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n

1. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f” \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f” \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

2. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 – \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f”. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a”) \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

3. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

4. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

5. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0629”. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0641\u0639 \u0630\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

6. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a”. \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n

7. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629”. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 (\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646) \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

8. “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0646”. \u0641\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 “\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c”\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b (\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633 (1937-1862)\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a”\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

9. “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d”. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0629 “\u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629” \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0641 “\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629”. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a. \u064a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f”\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0646 (1918 – 1844)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n

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\n\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621”\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 24.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/h3>\n

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———————-
\n*
\nhttps:\/\/www.zeitoons.com\/104127<\/p>\n

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