{"id":8178,"date":"2016-01-30T18:26:17","date_gmt":"2016-01-30T17:26:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/?p=8178"},"modified":"2024-09-28T17:25:56","modified_gmt":"2024-09-28T16:25:56","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%90-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%90-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"p5\" dir=\"rtl\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a<\/b><\/span><span class=\"s2\"><b>&#8230;!!<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p6\" dir=\"rtl\"><span class=\"s1\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0649\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.. \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621.. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0644\u0639 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0628\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/span><span class=\"s3\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"p7\" dir=\"rtl\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"p5\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li6\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"s1\">\u0641\u064a 1798 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0631<\/span><span class=\"s3\"><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>Edward Jenner<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span class=\"s1\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u0640 500 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a 1928\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c<\/span><span class=\"s3\"> Alexander Fleming<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span class=\"s1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/span><span class=\"s3\"> penicillin<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span class=\"s1\">\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>\u0648 \u0641\u064a 1943\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/span><span class=\"s3\"><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>Selman Waksman <\/span><span class=\"s1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/span><span class=\"s3\">Streptomycin \u060c <\/span><span class=\"s1\"> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0648\u064a<\/span><span class=\"s3\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"li6\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"s1\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 1.6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a 1899 \u0625\u0644\u0649 7 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1999\u0645<\/span><span class=\"s3\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"li6\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"s1\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/span><span class=\"s3\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li6\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"s1\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li6\" dir=\"rtl\"><\/li>\n<li class=\"li6\" dir=\"rtl\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_8225\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8225\" style=\"width: 827px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%90-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac\/edward_jenner-2\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8225\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8225\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Edward_Jenner-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0631 Edward Jenner \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1796\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0640\u062f\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0651 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631. \u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 500 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a 10 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 15 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1980\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636. \" width=\"827\" height=\"1047\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Edward_Jenner-1.jpg 827w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Edward_Jenner-1-150x190.jpg 150w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Edward_Jenner-1-450x570.jpg 450w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Edward_Jenner-1-768x972.jpg 768w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Edward_Jenner-1-474x600.jpg 474w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Edward_Jenner-1-809x1024.jpg 809w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Edward_Jenner-1-600x760.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 827px) 100vw, 827px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8225\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0631 Edward Jenner \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1796\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0640\u062f\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0651 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631. \u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 500 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a 10 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 15 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1980\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li class=\"li6\" dir=\"rtl\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_8184\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8184\" style=\"width: 631px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%90-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac\/alexander-fleming-penicillin-631-jpg__800x600_q85_crop\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8184\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8184\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Alexander-Fleming-penicillin-631.jpg__800x600_q85_crop.jpg\" alt=\"\u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c Alexander Fleming\u00a0 1881 - 1955. \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0630 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646 penicillin \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u00a0 Penicillium notatum \u0639\u0627\u0645 1928. \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945 \" width=\"631\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Alexander-Fleming-penicillin-631.jpg__800x600_q85_crop.jpg 631w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Alexander-Fleming-penicillin-631.jpg__800x600_q85_crop-150x71.jpg 150w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Alexander-Fleming-penicillin-631.jpg__800x600_q85_crop-450x214.jpg 450w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Alexander-Fleming-penicillin-631.jpg__800x600_q85_crop-600x285.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 631px) 100vw, 631px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8184\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c Alexander Fleming\u00a0 1881 &#8211; 1955. \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0630 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646 penicillin \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u00a0 Penicillium notatum \u0639\u0627\u0645 1928. \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8185\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8185\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%90-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac\/wilhelm-conrad-rontgen\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8185\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8185\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Wilhelm-Conrad-Rontgen.jpg\" alt=\"\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u063a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a 1895.\u00a0 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1901. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 1,4 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647. \" width=\"500\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Wilhelm-Conrad-Rontgen.jpg 500w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Wilhelm-Conrad-Rontgen-150x130.jpg 150w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Wilhelm-Conrad-Rontgen-450x389.jpg 450w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Wilhelm-Conrad-Rontgen-110x96.jpg 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8185\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u063a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a 1895.\u00a0 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1901. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 1,4 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"p9\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><span class=\"s1\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p6\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"s1\">\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span><span class=\"s3\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\" dir=\"rtl\"><span class=\"s1\">\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a (\u0623\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0627) \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 8 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3.3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628\u060c (\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 44% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 50 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 140,000 \u0637\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b). \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 6.4 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 35% \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/span><span class=\"s3\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8187\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8187\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%90-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac\/james-watt\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8187\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8187\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/James-Watt.png\" alt=\"\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0637 James Watt \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a 1765\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 100 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a.\" width=\"960\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/James-Watt.png 960w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/James-Watt-150x56.png 150w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/James-Watt-450x167.png 450w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/James-Watt-768x285.png 768w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/James-Watt-600x223.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8187\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0637 James Watt \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a 1765\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0661\u0660\u0660 \u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0651\u064a.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p6\" dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"s1\">\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0628\u0632\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0627 \u00ab\u00a0\u0623\u0628\u0644\u00a0\u00bb \u0648\u00a0\u00bb\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u062a\u00a0\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0628<\/span><span class=\"s6\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8190\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8190\" style=\"width: 737px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%90-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac\/bill\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8190\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8190\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bill.jpg\" alt=\"\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u062a\u0633 Bill Gates \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u00a0\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0650\u0646 (\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0631). \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01975\u00a0\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u062a\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u00a0\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646\u00a0 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a 1985\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 Microsoft Windows \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \" width=\"737\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bill.jpg 737w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bill-150x94.jpg 150w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bill-450x281.jpg 450w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bill-600x374.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 737px) 100vw, 737px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8190\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u062a\u0633 Bill Gates \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u00a0\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0650\u0646 (\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0631). \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a01975\u00a0\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u062a\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u00a0\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646\u00a0 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a 1985\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 Microsoft Windows \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8189\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8189\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%90-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac\/iphone1\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8189\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8189\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/iphone1.jpg\" alt=\"\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0628\u0632 Steven Jobs 1955\u00a0 - 2011 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 Smartphones\u00a0 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644... \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f..!! \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u062a\u0633\u00a0 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0628\u0632 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0628\u0643..!! \" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/iphone1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/iphone1-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/iphone1-450x338.jpg 450w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/iphone1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/iphone1-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/iphone1-205x155.jpg 205w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8189\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0628\u0632 Steven Jobs 1955\u00a0 &#8211; 2011 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 Smartphones\u00a0 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644&#8230; \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f..!! \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u062a\u0633\u00a0 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0628\u0632 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0628\u0643..!!<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8191\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8191\" style=\"width: 1231px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%90-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac\/maxwell-and-equations\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8191\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8191\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/maxwell-and-equations.jpg\" alt=\"\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644\u00a0 James Clerk Maxwell \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u00a0 Maxwell's equations \u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 1865\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u064a-\u0641\u0627\u064a WiFi \u060c \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 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\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646&quot;. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646. \" width=\"1231\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/maxwell-and-equations.jpg 1231w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/maxwell-and-equations-150x69.jpg 150w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/maxwell-and-equations-450x207.jpg 450w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/maxwell-and-equations-1200x552.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/maxwell-and-equations-768x353.jpg 768w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/maxwell-and-equations-600x276.jpg 600w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/maxwell-and-equations-1024x471.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1231px) 100vw, 1231px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8191\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644\u00a0 James Clerk Maxwell \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u00a0 Maxwell&#8217;s equations \u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 1865\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u064a-\u0641\u0627\u064a WiFi \u060c \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 100 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646&#8221;. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8215\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8215\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%90-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac\/744235main_hubblefloating-2\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8215\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8215\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/744235main_hubblefloating-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a Hubble Space Telescope \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1990\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0645\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u00ab \u0625\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u00bb. \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 593 \u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644 97\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 2.4 \u0645. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u00ab \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u00bb \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u00ab \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 NASA 2.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/744235main_hubblefloating-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/744235main_hubblefloating-1-150x99.jpg 150w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/744235main_hubblefloating-1-450x296.jpg 450w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/744235main_hubblefloating-1-768x506.jpg 768w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/744235main_hubblefloating-1-600x395.jpg 600w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/744235main_hubblefloating-1-214x140.jpg 214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8215\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a Hubble Space Telescope \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1990\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0645\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u00ab \u0625\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u00bb. \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 593 \u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644 97\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 2.4 \u0645. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u00ab \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u00bb \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u00ab \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u00a02.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8193\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8193\" style=\"width: 737px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%90-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%ac\/gps\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8193\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8193\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/GPS.png\" alt=\"\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a Hubble Space Telescope\u00a0 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1990\u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a0 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0645\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u00ab\u00a0\u0625\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644\u00a0\u00bb. \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 593 \u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u00a0 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644 97\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 2.4 \u0645. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u00ab\u00a0\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644\u00a0\u00bb \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u00a0\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u00a0\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u00a0 NASA 2.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \" width=\"737\" height=\"549\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/GPS.png 737w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/GPS-150x112.png 150w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/GPS-450x335.png 450w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/GPS-600x447.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 737px) 100vw, 737px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8193\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"rtl\"><span class=\"s1\"><b><i>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a <\/i><\/b><\/span><span class=\"s2\"><b><i>GPS<\/i><\/b><\/span><span class=\"s1\"><b><i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 100 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><span class=\"s2\"><b><i>GPS<\/i><\/b><\/span><span class=\"s1\"><b><i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p21\" dir=\"rtl\"><span class=\"s1\">\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"p26\" dir=\"rtl\"><b><i><\/i><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646<\/b><\/span><span class=\"s8\"><b>.<\/b><\/span><span class=\"s9\"><b>.. <\/b><\/span><\/h1>\n<h3 class=\"p34\" dir=\"rtl\"><span class=\"s1\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/span><span class=\"s10\">&#8230;!!<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p6\" dir=\"rtl\"><span class=\"s1\">\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u062d\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/span><span class=\"s3\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\" dir=\"rtl\"><span class=\"s1\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0651\u062c \u0644\u0647 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u00ab\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 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dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"s12\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 <\/span><span class=\"s1\">\u0623\u0628\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 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