{"id":4960,"date":"2022-08-12T12:56:32","date_gmt":"2022-08-12T11:56:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/?p=4960"},"modified":"2024-11-01T12:52:06","modified_gmt":"2024-11-01T11:52:06","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>(\u0646\u0634\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641&#8221; \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a <span class=\"posted-on\">\u00a0<span class=\"dtreviewed\"><time class=\"value-title\" title=\"2015-09-27\" datetime=\"2015-09-27T22:56:32+01:00\">27 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627)<\/time><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0645\u0640\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1938\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<strong> \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646<\/strong> (Otto Hahn) \u0648\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0631 <\/strong>(Lise Meitner) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8230;. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0650\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644! \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1939\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 <strong>\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634<\/strong> (Robert Frisch )\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629<strong> \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <strong>E=mc<\/strong><strong>\u00b2 <\/strong>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629&#8230; \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 200 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 <strong>\u0646\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0631 <\/strong>(Niels Bohr ) \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f<strong> \u0644\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4963\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4963\" style=\"width: 2000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/2000px-kernspaltung-svg\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4963\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4963\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/2000px-Kernspaltung.svg_.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645235 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 200 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a . \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 20 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/2000px-Kernspaltung.svg_.png 2000w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/2000px-Kernspaltung.svg_-600x366.png 600w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/2000px-Kernspaltung.svg_-1024x625.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4963\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645235 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 200 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a . \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 20 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/em><strong> <br \/><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4965\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4965\" style=\"width: 1374px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/lise_meitner12\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4965\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4965\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Lise_Meitner12.jpg\" alt=\"\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 1901 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0634\u0632. \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629.\" width=\"1374\" height=\"2145\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Lise_Meitner12.jpg 1312w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Lise_Meitner12-384x600.jpg 384w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Lise_Meitner12-656x1024.jpg 656w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Lise_Meitner12-600x937.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1374px) 100vw, 1374px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4965\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 1901 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0634\u0632. \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u00a0 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f(Szilard) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 <strong>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 <strong>\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062a<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1939 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0638\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a \u0648\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646&#8230; \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1939 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a <strong>(\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645)<\/strong>.. \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4968\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4968\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/einsteinszilard1113\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4968\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4968\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/EinsteinSzilard1113.jpg\" alt=\"\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1939. \" width=\"1000\" height=\"757\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/EinsteinSzilard1113.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/EinsteinSzilard1113-600x454.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4968\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1939.<\/em><strong><u> <br \/><\/u><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4969\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4969\" style=\"width: 734px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/6a00d83542d51e69e200e553c41c2c8833-800wi\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4969\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4969\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/6a00d83542d51e69e200e553c41c2c8833-800wi.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0641\u0644\u062a\" width=\"734\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/6a00d83542d51e69e200e553c41c2c8833-800wi.jpg 734w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/6a00d83542d51e69e200e553c41c2c8833-800wi-540x600.jpg 540w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/6a00d83542d51e69e200e553c41c2c8833-800wi-600x666.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4969\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0641\u0644\u062a<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><u>\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a (1939-1946)<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631&#8230;.!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a 1942\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<strong> \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0631 <\/strong>(Oppenheime) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648. \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 (25 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015) \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4972\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4972\" style=\"width: 553px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/oppenheimer-board\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4972\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4972\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/oppenheimer-board.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\" width=\"553\" height=\"369\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4972\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1942 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u064e\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 1938\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0646\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c<\/strong> \u0648\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a <strong>\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/strong>.. \u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 16 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1945 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 <strong>\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627&#8221; \u0641\u064a 6 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945\u00a0 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 <strong>\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a&#8221; \u0641\u064a 9 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0647 200 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4974\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4974\" style=\"width: 381px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/stamp\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4974\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4974\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/stamp.jpg\" alt=\"\u0623\u0646\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a 1938\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a 1942 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648\" width=\"381\" height=\"584\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4974\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0623\u0646\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a 1938\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a 1942 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4976\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4976\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/1101460701_400\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4976\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4976\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/1101460701_400.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 &quot;\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1946 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629\" width=\"400\" height=\"527\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4976\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1946 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636<\/em><br \/><em>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><u>\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a :<br \/>\n<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0631\u062f<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0631<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0641\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><u>\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a :<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1939\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a (politicization)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1933\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0648 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 <strong>(<\/strong><strong>Deutch Physik<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629.. \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a <strong>\u0623\u0643\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>&#8230; \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627&#8230; \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0632\u0646\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a (Werner Heisenberg) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645<\/strong> \u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 (Particle physics) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b.. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a.. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0627 <strong>\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643<\/strong> (Max Planck) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a 1918 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 <strong>\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0625<\/strong>\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a-2(German V-2 rocket) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062e \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0646\u0631<\/strong> (Kurt Diebner) \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f (Philipp Lenard) \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a&#8230;. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4980\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4980\" style=\"width: 194px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/deutschephysik_bd2_k\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4980\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4980\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/DeutschePhysik_Bd2_k.jpg\" alt=\"\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0626 \u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0641\u064a 1935 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\" width=\"194\" height=\"285\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4980\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0626 \u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/em><br \/><em>\u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 <\/em><br \/><em>\u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0641\u064a 1935 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/em><br \/><em>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 (<\/strong><strong>quantum physics<\/strong><strong>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629,\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 .\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u00a0<u><br \/>\n<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<br \/>\n<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0645 <strong>\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0633<\/strong> (Klaus Fuchs) \u0648<strong>\u0647\u0627\u0644<\/strong> (Theodore Hall) <strong>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/strong> (George Koval)&#8230;\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627..<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0628 (Gernot Zippe) \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.. \u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648 \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u064a 1956 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629.. \u0648\u0641\u0648\u062c\u0626 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/strong> .<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4984\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4984\" style=\"width: 184px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/23cent-184-2\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4984\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4984\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/23cent.1841.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0628(Gernot Zippe) \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\" width=\"184\" height=\"230\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4984\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0628(Gernot Zippe) \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li>\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1949 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a RDS-1 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646&#8221; (Fat Man) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/olympus-digital-camera\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4985\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4985\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Fat-Man.jpg\" alt=\"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Fat-Man.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Fat-Man-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Fat-Man-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4986\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4986\" style=\"width: 577px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/casing_for_the_first_soviet_atomic_bomb_rds-1\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4986\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4986\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Casing_for_the_first_Soviet_atomic_bomb_RDS-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u0648\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 (RDS-1) \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (Fat Man ) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \" width=\"577\" height=\"368\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4986\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0648\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 (RDS-1) \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (Fat Man ) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li>\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u064e\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0628 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a (\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4987\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4987\" style=\"width: 2000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/us_and_ussr_nuclear_stockpiles-svg\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4987\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4987\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg_.png\" alt=\"\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0661\u0669\u0665\u0660 \u0648\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1459\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg_.png 2000w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg_-600x438.png 600w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg_-1024x747.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4987\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0661\u0669\u0665\u0660 \u0648\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">..\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646 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(<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0636\u064a\u0628<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 90% \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 4% \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8230;)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a&#8221;&#8221; (Megatons to Megawatts Program ) \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a 1993 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0628\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b&#8230;.!! \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0638\u0645\u0649&#8221; \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0628\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0641\u0639 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a 26 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1991\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0649 15 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0648\u0623\u064f\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 74 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u064e\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a 1696\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 66 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629&#8230; \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8230;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0631&#8230;\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1960 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 2 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u06483 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u06485 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648 6 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 11 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 573.1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li>\u0641\u064a 1974\u060c \u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a<\/strong> \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 23 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 23 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621..<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4990\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4990\" style=\"width: 518px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/guess\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4990\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4990\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/guess.jpg\" alt=\"\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1970 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u062e\u0645\u064e\u0650\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\" width=\"518\" height=\"739\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/guess.jpg 518w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/guess-421x600.jpg 421w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4990\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1970<\/em><br \/><em>\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/em><br \/><em>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u062e\u0645\u064e\u0650\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4992\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4992\" style=\"width: 220px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/220px-atomic_women_iran\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4992\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4992\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/220px-Atomic_women_Iran.jpg\" alt=\"\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1968 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\" width=\"220\" height=\"238\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4992\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1968 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li>1974 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Siemens AG) \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 4\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0628\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0631&#8221; \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 1,196\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 1981\u0645\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0632 .<\/li>\n<li>1976\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a <strong>\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f<\/strong> <strong>\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/strong> (Gerald Ford)\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989 \u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8230;!!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2011 \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4993\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4993\" style=\"width: 780px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/ahmadinejad_74218b\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4993\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4993\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Ahmadinejad_74218b.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 19 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a 6 \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632.\" width=\"780\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Ahmadinejad_74218b.jpg 780w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Ahmadinejad_74218b-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4993\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 19 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a 6 \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0641\u064a 14 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2015\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 5+1 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 <strong>19<\/strong> \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>6<\/strong> \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 3,67% \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a 15 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a 300 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 15 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 &#8220;\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0643&#8221; \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0635\u064e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 8 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 8 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4995\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4995\" style=\"width: 644px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/iranians-hold-pictures-of-iranian-foreign-minister-mohammad-javad-zarif-as-they-celebrate-in-the-street-following-a-nuclear-deal-with-major-powers-in-tehran\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4995\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4995\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/s3.reutersmedia.net_1.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627\" width=\"644\" height=\"462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/s3.reutersmedia.net_1.jpeg 644w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/s3.reutersmedia.net_1-600x430.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 644px) 100vw, 644px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4995\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 <strong>\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631<\/strong> (Karim Sadjapour) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace) \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 <strong>500 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong> <strong>\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong>. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1979 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2006\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8230; \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629&#8230;!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 ((Marshall Plan \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u00a0 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 13 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 130 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a 2015&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644&#8230;.!!!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629.. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644. \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. 20% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0628\u0647: &#8221; <strong>\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a 40% \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629&#8221;.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 14,6% \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 <strong>7 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a 1978\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>3000 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0641\u064a 2015\u0645 \u060c \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a .<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5012\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5012\" style=\"width: 533px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a\/sans-titre-2-4\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5012\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5012\" src=\"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Sans-titre-21.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646(10000\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646\" width=\"533\" height=\"530\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5012\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646(10000\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 36 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0651\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0636\u062e \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 &#8230;!!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u0648:\u00a0 \u0647\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646\u061f \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633&#8230;.! \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.me\/p6sGh8-lB\">\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(\u0646\u0634\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641&#8221; \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u00a027 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627) &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0645\u0642\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0645\u0640\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1938\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646 (Otto Hahn) \u0648\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0631 (Lise Meitner) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":4998,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[73],"class_list":["post-4960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-52","tag-73"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"(\u0646\u0634\u0631 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641&quot; \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a 27 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 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