{"id":29909,"date":"2018-01-20T14:27:46","date_gmt":"2018-01-20T13:27:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/?p=29909"},"modified":"2024-01-09T01:09:30","modified_gmt":"2024-01-09T00:09:30","slug":"%d8%ba%d9%8e%d8%b3%d9%8e%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%9f-%d9%8a%d8%ac%d8%a8-%d8%a3%d9%86-%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a3-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%ba%d9%8e%d8%b3%d9%8e%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%9f-%d9%8a%d8%ac%d8%a8-%d8%a3%d9%86-%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a3-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u063a\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061f: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629!"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646:\u00a0The Oil Kings: How the U.S., Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u060c 2011)\u060c \u0648The Fall of Heaven: The Pahlavis and the Last Days of Imperial Iran<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0648\u060c 2016). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062a “\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064e\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a:\u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0641\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2009\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0636\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0651 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a:\u00a0\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f) \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0640”\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645” \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u061f \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644. \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a:\u00a0\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u00a0The Oil Kings: How the U.S., Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East<\/span>\u00a0\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631: \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0634\u0651\u0646\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1979 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f 1979 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a:\u00a0\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 (\u0648\u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2016<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0631\u0634. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u0628\u0651\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0639 \u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a:\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0649\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0628\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f 1979 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062d\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1953\u060c\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1971<\/a><\/u>\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2106\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 100 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0647\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a” \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0631\u064f\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a:\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u062d \u0648\u0630\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0638\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 40 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0632\u0647\u0642 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1963\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062d\u0644. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a:\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a:\u00a0\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0647. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u061f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627. \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 1979. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a:\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0631\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1974 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1975 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062f. \u0625\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0637\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u061f \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 40 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u061f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646:\u00a0The Oil Kings: How the U.S., Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East\u00a0(\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u060c 2011)\u060c \u0648The Fall of Heaven: The Pahlavis and the Last Days of Imperial Iran\u00a0(\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0648\u060c 2016). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":468,"featured_media":29913,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[73],"class_list":{"0":"post-29909","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"tag-73"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/468"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29909"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29909\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}