{"id":195377,"date":"2026-02-05T19:53:05","date_gmt":"2026-02-05T18:53:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/?p=195377"},"modified":"2026-02-08T15:13:20","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T14:13:20","slug":"46-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8b%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%aa%d9%8e%d8%b3%d9%8e%d9%83%d9%8f%d9%91%d8%b9-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a3-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%8e%d8%b9%d9%90%d8%b2-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/46-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8b%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%aa%d9%8e%d8%b3%d9%8e%d9%83%d9%8f%d9%91%d8%b9-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a3-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%8e%d8%b9%d9%90%d8%b2-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"46 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062a\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064f\u0639&#8221; \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u062a\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0632&#8221;:  \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 &#8220;\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 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alt=\"\u062a\u0639\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\" aria-describedby=\"figcap-ml9sijci-pvsoc\" \/><\/a><button class=\"zoom-icon\" title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\">&#x1f50d;<\/button><\/div><figcaption id=\"figcap-ml9sijci-pvsoc\" class=\"smart-figcaption\">&#8220;\u062a\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0632&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647 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\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0634 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 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data-converted-from-standalone=\"true\" data-size=\"large\" data-index=\"4\">\n<div class=\"image-container\"><a title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alndaa.net\/uploads\/topics\/images\/2025\/11\/site_20251116231722_0cf0aa69.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sw-media-img sw-media-large_full processed\" title=\"\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alndaa.net\/uploads\/topics\/images\/2025\/11\/site_20251116231722_0cf0aa69_large_full.jpg\" alt=\"\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\" aria-describedby=\"figcap-ml9sijci-1spaz\" \/><\/a><button class=\"zoom-icon\" title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\">&#x1f50d;<\/button><\/div><figcaption id=\"figcap-ml9sijci-1spaz\" class=\"smart-figcaption\">\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0645\u060c 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alt=\"\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629\" aria-describedby=\"figcap-ml9sijcj-3fanr\" \/><\/a><button class=\"zoom-icon\" title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\">&#x1f50d;<\/button><\/div><figcaption id=\"figcap-ml9sijcj-3fanr\" class=\"smart-figcaption\">\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<figure class=\"smart-figure size-large converted-from-standalone from-sw-media-large_full entered\" data-converted-from-standalone=\"true\" data-size=\"large\" data-index=\"10\">\n<div class=\"image-container\"><a title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alndaa.net\/uploads\/topics\/images\/2025\/11\/site_20251116223322_a353e514.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sw-media-img sw-media-large_full processed\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0647\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alndaa.net\/uploads\/topics\/images\/2025\/11\/site_20251116223322_a353e514_large_full.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0647\" aria-describedby=\"figcap-ml9sijcj-73iu3\" \/><\/a><button class=\"zoom-icon\" title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\">&#x1f50d;<\/button><\/div><figcaption id=\"figcap-ml9sijcj-73iu3\" class=\"smart-figcaption\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0647<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 (1983-1986) \u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 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\u0648\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<figure class=\"smart-figure size-large converted-from-standalone from-sw-media-large_full entered\" data-converted-from-standalone=\"true\" data-size=\"large\" data-index=\"12\">\n<div class=\"image-container\"><a title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alndaa.net\/uploads\/topics\/images\/2025\/11\/site_20251117000233_069bf09d.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sw-media-img sw-media-large_full processed\" title=\"\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alndaa.net\/uploads\/topics\/images\/2025\/11\/site_20251117000233_069bf09d_large_full.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621\" aria-describedby=\"figcap-ml9sijcj-9u1x2\" \/><\/a><button class=\"zoom-icon\" title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\">&#x1f50d;<\/button><\/div><figcaption id=\"figcap-ml9sijcj-9u1x2\" class=\"smart-figcaption\">\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 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\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a&#8221;.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062f. \u0632\u064a\u062f: &#8220;\u0623\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 -\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628- \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0637 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062f<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221; (\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<figure class=\"smart-figure size-large converted-from-standalone from-sw-media-large_full entered\" data-converted-from-standalone=\"true\" data-size=\"large\" data-index=\"14\">\n<div class=\"image-container\"><a title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alndaa.net\/uploads\/topics\/images\/2025\/11\/site_20251116232900_3dff8df5.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sw-media-img sw-media-large_full processed\" title=\"\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u064a\u062f\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alndaa.net\/uploads\/topics\/images\/2025\/11\/site_20251116232900_3dff8df5_large_full.jpg\" alt=\"\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u064a\u062f\" aria-describedby=\"figcap-ml9sijcj-h2j2h\" \/><\/a><button class=\"zoom-icon\" title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\">&#x1f50d;<\/button><\/div><figcaption id=\"figcap-ml9sijcj-h2j2h\" class=\"smart-figcaption\">\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u064a\u062f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 (1991-1997) \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 1994.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<figure class=\"smart-figure size-large converted-from-standalone from-sw-media-large_full entered\" data-converted-from-standalone=\"true\" data-size=\"large\" data-index=\"16\">\n<div class=\"image-container\"><a title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alndaa.net\/uploads\/topics\/images\/2025\/11\/site_20251116223706_479c937b.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sw-media-img sw-media-large_full processed\" title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1991 \u0648 1997\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alndaa.net\/uploads\/topics\/images\/2025\/11\/site_20251116223706_479c937b_large_full.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1991 \u0648 1997\" aria-describedby=\"figcap-ml9sijcj-mf2k7\" \/><\/a><button class=\"zoom-icon\" title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\">&#x1f50d;<\/button><\/div><figcaption id=\"figcap-ml9sijcj-mf2k7\" class=\"smart-figcaption\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1991 \u0648 1997<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u064a\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 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\u062a\u0648\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0648\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a 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class=\"smart-figure size-large converted-from-standalone from-sw-media-large_full entered\" data-converted-from-standalone=\"true\" data-size=\"large\" data-index=\"18\">\n<div class=\"image-container\"><a title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alndaa.net\/uploads\/topics\/images\/2025\/11\/site_20251116224332_d2493fb0.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sw-media-img sw-media-large_full processed\" title=\"\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alndaa.net\/uploads\/topics\/images\/2025\/11\/site_20251116224332_d2493fb0_large_full.jpg\" alt=\"\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 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\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"sw-tags-title\"><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alndaa.net\/posts\/103451\"><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621&#8221;<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646) * \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1958\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1979\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0632\u0651\u0650\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":524,"featured_media":195380,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-195377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-32"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"(\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646) * \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0647 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