\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0629. \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n
\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 (YPG). \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n
\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/strong> \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644…<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0636\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 “\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a 2019 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 2024. \u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n
\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f. \u0623\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631. \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627 (\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u00ab\u062a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642. \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0625\u0630\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u062b\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c. \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0646\u061f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631. \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u061f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639.<\/p>\n\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627…<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a. \u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644)\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/strong> \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631. \u0623\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1974. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639. \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f” \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637. \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2011 \u06482014 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 “\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f”\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":186062,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-186052","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-48"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/186052","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=186052"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/186052\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/186062"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=186052"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=186052"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=186052"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/robert-ford.png\")
<\/a><\/p>\n