{"id":181710,"date":"2025-01-29T20:43:43","date_gmt":"2025-01-29T19:43:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/?p=181710"},"modified":"2025-01-29T20:44:49","modified_gmt":"2025-01-29T19:44:49","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%b7%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%b7%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a:  \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"col-sm-12 bs-region bs-region--top\">\n<div class=\"field field--name-node-title field--name-field-long-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item\">\n<h3>(\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 &#8220;\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629! \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641&#8221; \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f &#8220;\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0633\u064a\u0647&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 (!) \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a! \u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631! \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064a &#8220;\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064f\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f&#8221; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u062a&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641&#8221;.<\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644<\/span><\/h3>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">*<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-9 col-lg-9 bs-region bs-region--left\">\n<div class=\"resize-generate-ai-summary\">\n<div class=\"field field--name-field-ai-short-summary field--type-string-long field--label-above\">\n<div class=\"field__item\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #666699;\">\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646 &#8220;Open Read&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u064c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u00a0<a style=\"color: #666699;\" title=\"&quot;\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621&quot;: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/culture\/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a style=\"color: #666699;\" title=\"&quot;\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629&quot;: \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/culture\/%22%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9%22-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%84\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%b7%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1\/indian-salafism\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-181719\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-181719\" src=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Indian-salafism.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"567\" height=\"319\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Indian-salafism.png 567w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Indian-salafism-150x84.png 150w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Indian-salafism-450x253.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u00a0<a title=\"\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0632\u0651\u0629: \u0634\u0638\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/culture\/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f &#8220;\u0622\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0651\u0639\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0631\u061b \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h3 class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u061b \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0635 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0637.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221; (Salafi Modernity) \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0651\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 (1886 &#8211; 1969) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0649&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a (1838 &#8211; 1897) \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 (1849 &#8211; 1905). \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631&#8221; \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 (1865 &#8211; 1935) \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (1866 &#8211; 1914) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a (1856 &#8211; 1924). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 &#8220;\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0633\u0644\u0641&#8221; \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633&#8221; (Psychological Laws of Evolution of People) \u0644\u0640 \u063a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;Salafiyah Review&#8221;\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 Review De Musalman \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h3 class=\"selectionShareable\">\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u0651\u064f\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a (1831) \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0646 (1890) \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b&#8221;. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u2013. \u0648\u0644\u0626\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u064e\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u064c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 &#8220;\u0646\u062c\u062d&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0631&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627. \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645&#8221; (&#8220;\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0645&#8221;\u060c 2004) \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u061b \u0647\u064a: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u061f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0645\u061f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0648\u062a\u064e\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u064e \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0639\u064a (1933 &#8211; 2001)\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644. \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0651\u064a\u062c\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979. \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u064f\u062c\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 &#8220;\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0626\u062a\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0625\u0630\u0651 \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 &#8220;\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b&#8221; \u062a\u062d\u062a \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0646&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b&#8221; \u0645\u062c\u0651\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u064e\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u0651\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064e\u0634\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u062f\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627. \u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0645\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a &#8220;\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a 11 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/ \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u00a0\u064a\u064f\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0640 \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064e\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0650\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a &#8220;\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f (1876 &#8211; 1953)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0651\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0633\u062f&#8221; (\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1956).<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647: &#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0645\u064e\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641: &#8220;\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0628\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0651 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646&#8221;. \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0641\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: &#8220;\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0641\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0641\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">* \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0630<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/culture\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 &#8220;\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629! \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641&#8221; \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f &#8220;\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0633\u064a\u0647&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 (!) \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a! \u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631! \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064a &#8220;\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064f\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f&#8221; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u062a&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641&#8221;. \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644 * &nbsp; \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":344,"featured_media":181711,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,32],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-181710","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-23","8":"category-32"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/181710","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/344"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=181710"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/181710\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/181711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=181710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=181710"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=181710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}