{"id":168184,"date":"2024-04-12T22:05:40","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T21:05:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/?p=168184"},"modified":"2024-04-12T22:05:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T21:05:42","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81-%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81-%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648:  \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"meta blog-post__meta black-text center\">\n<div class=\"section center-block col-80\">\n<div class=\"largest-text\"><strong>\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064e\u0631\u0651\u0650\u062e\u0629 &#8220;\u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"gutter-half-bottom--mobile\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"divider-top divider--slim component roman-normal-book\">\n<ul class=\"clean-list list-across-spaced\">\n<li><span class=\"inline-block gutters\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6sGh8-Hy1\">English<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81-%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/julie\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-168191\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-168191\" src=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/JULIE.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"397\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/JULIE.png 397w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/JULIE-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/JULIE-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 397px) 100vw, 397px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"section cols no-gutters inline-block\">\n<div class=\"zone-1 col col-70\">\n<div class=\"gutter-right tablet-zero\">\n<div class=\"article-body\">\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0632. \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">Le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Gouraud: Un Destin Hors du Commun, de l&#8217;Afrique au Levant<\/span>\u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648: \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064c \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">Perrin<\/span>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">Les Troupes Coloniales: Une Histoire Politique et Militaire<\/span>\u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">Pass\u00e9s Compos\u00e9s<\/span>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2024. \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a &#8220;\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81-%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/gouraudbook\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-168194\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-168194 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/gouraudbook.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"364\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/gouraudbook.png 364w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/gouraudbook-150x234.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 364px) 100vw, 364px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a: \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a\u0650 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a 1 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1920\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>\u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/strong>: \u0644\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064c \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u064e\u062f\u0645\u064f\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0645. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Marga-dAndurain-1893-1948-Aventuri%C3%A8re-dOrient\/dp\/2377010547\"><span dir=\"LTR\">Marga d\u2019Andurain 1893\u20131948: Une Passion Pour l\u2019Orient, Le Mari Passeport<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(\u0645\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 1893<span dir=\"LTR\">&#8211;<\/span>1948: \u0634\u063a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0641\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u00a0<span dir=\"LTR\">Maisonneuve &amp; Larose, Nouvelles Editions<\/span>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0651\u062e\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 (1867<span dir=\"LTR\">&#8211;<\/span>1947) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 500 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629). \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e&#8221; \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629\u064c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628. \u062b\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81-%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/troupes\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-168198\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-168198\" src=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/TROUPES.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"425\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/TROUPES.png 425w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/TROUPES-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/TROUPES-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a<\/strong>: \u0647\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0650 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 &#8220;\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u2013 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u061f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/strong>: \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 <strong>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/strong> \u0646\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1900. \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647. \u0641\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0651 \u0648\u0637\u0623\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81-%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/gouraudphotos-1\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-168201\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-168201 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/GOURAUDPHOTOS-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/GOURAUDPHOTOS-1.png 300w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/GOURAUDPHOTOS-1-150x205.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a<\/strong>: \u0623\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/strong>: \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643<strong> \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a&#8221;. \u0623\u064f\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0646 1912 \u06481914). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064d \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81-%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82\/henrigouraud\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-168205\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-168205 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HENRIGOURAUD.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"425\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HENRIGOURAUD.png 425w, https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HENRIGOURAUD-150x185.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 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class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/strong>: &#8220;\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u064f\u062f&#8221; \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643. \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 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\u0623\u0646\u0647\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a\u0643 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644\u061f<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\"><strong>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/strong>: \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u064c\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064d. \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062d\u0638\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645) \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0651\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651. \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0637\u064c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0643\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u0641\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1830 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1925\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 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\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u063a\u0632\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 &#8220;\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p class=\"selectionShareable\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 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