{"id":13845,"date":"2022-11-09T12:01:56","date_gmt":"2022-11-09T11:01:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/?p=13845"},"modified":"2024-09-28T17:25:20","modified_gmt":"2024-09-28T16:25:20","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%80%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%82-%d9%84%d9%82%d9%80%d8%a8-%d8%b3%d9%80%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%80%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%82-%d9%84%d9%82%d9%80%d8%a8-%d8%b3%d9%80%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0640\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0642\u0640\u0628 \u0633\u0640\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646..\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/h2>\n

<\/b>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 (\u0645\u0650\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628) \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a James Webb Space Telescope JWST \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u201d\u060c \u0648\u201d\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0661\u0660 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0662\u0665 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 13 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646.<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0651\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0648 “\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646”! \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 (<\/span>\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062b\u0648 \u0648\u0646\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628<\/b><\/span>…). \u00a0\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 “\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646” \u0627\u0648 “\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646”! \u00a0\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0645 “\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 <\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642”\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 (\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0631\u064c \u0645\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652<\/b><\/span>) <\/b><\/span>\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0641 110<\/b><\/span>.<\/b><\/span>” <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u064a\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631! \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 80% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u064a\u064f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d!\u00a0<\/span>\u0648\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0623\u064b \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645..\u061f! <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/b>\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0633 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.. \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0637\u064f \u063a\u0636\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u062d\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0645) \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a!!.. \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0<\/b>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0650\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629! \u0648\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0623\u064a\u064c \u0645\u064f\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0630\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/b>\u00a0\u062a\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/b>\u00a0\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u00a0 \u0627<\/span>\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639: \u00a0\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633\u00a0 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0635\u064e\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645 “\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631”<\/b> (<\/span>Louis Pasteur<\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a 1895. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u00a0 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0629” <\/b>\u00a0\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0630 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u00ab \u062d\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u00bb \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064e\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"louis_pasteur\"“<\/b><\/span>\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631” \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u00bb \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639..\u061f<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645… <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u063a\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627. \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646! \u00a0\u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633<\/b> \u0641\u064a 1500\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c\u00a0<\/span>\u0646\u0634\u0631\u064e \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a 1609\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u00a0<\/b>\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064d\u064d \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a “\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u064f\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a”\u060c \u0631\u0623\u0649 4 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d 3 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a”. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064f\u0633” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629!<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0648 \u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628”<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span> (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628) \u0642\u0628\u0644 400 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062d\u064a\u062b\u064f<\/span> \u063a\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0631\u00a0<\/span>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628)\u061f<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627, \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u063a\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646, \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627, \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645, \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0641\u062a, \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0648\u0621\u064b \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d, \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631, \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648, \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631, \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646<\/b>… \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0633\u0646 26 \u0641\u064a 1668\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633, \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646, \u0627\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0635\u064f\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Galileo_Bertini_fresco_of_Galileo_Galilei_and_Doge_of_Venice-e1446672024312\"(\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a) \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0642 (\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a 1609\u0645. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631. \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629).<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 (\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621) \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640(\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a) \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064e\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"newtonjpeg\"<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0650\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628 (\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628) \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/b><\/span> <\/b> \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 1668\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064e\u062f\u0651\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629”.<\/b><\/span> <\/b>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u0651\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 100 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629” \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u00a0(2,5\u0645\u062a\u0631).<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"edwin-hubble-mount-wilson-observatory\"(\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629) \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644 <\/b><\/span>Edwin Hubble<\/b><\/span> \u0641\u064a 1923\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 (\u0647\u0648\u0643\u0631) 100 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0647 <\/b><\/span>(2,5\u0645\u062a\u0631)\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0628\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/b>. \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0646\u0627 (“\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629”). \u0641\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0638\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646 (“\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629”) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647. \u0644\u0643\u0646 (“\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644”) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 (\u0647\u0648\u0643\u0631) \u0644\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0651\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0648\u0647\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 (“\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627”) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0623\u064b \u0645\u0646 (“\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629”) \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0646.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. <\/li>\n
  3. \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f<\/b>\u060c\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0628\u062a\u064e\u0639\u062f\u0629.<\/b> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064e \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/span> \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c<\/span>\u00a0\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0647.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/b> <\/span>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627<\/span>\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645”<\/b> \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d (\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0631)<\/span> Lyman Spitzer<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u0641\u064a 1948\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 40 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0644\u0645 (\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0631) \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a24 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1990\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u00a0<\/span>\u0623\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0650\u0644\u064e \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u00ab \u0645\u0643\u0651\u0648\u0643 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0642\u064e\u064a\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0635\u064e\u062f\u064f \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u064e\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 100 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0647 (2.4 \u0645\u062a\u0631). \u00a0<\/span>\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064a (\u0625\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644) \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"hstjpg-4ad3b49fc1c48189\"\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a <\/b><\/span>Hubble Space Telescope<\/b><\/span> \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>10 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010\u0645.<\/b><\/span>\u00a0<\/b>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990 (31 \u0633\u0646\u0629)\u060c<\/b><\/span>\u00a0<\/b>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 600 \u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644 97 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 (\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639:\u00a0 \u0623\u0645\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u00bb\u00a0 <\/span>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 (\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631!!<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

    \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0650 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 (\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644) \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631<\/span> \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 300,000 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 200 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a <\/b><\/span>International Astronomical Union) IAU<\/b><\/span>)<\/b> \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633<\/b> \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 107 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0647\u0627 4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u064f\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062d\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646)<\/b> \u0645\u064f\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0631\u0629<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u064f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0626\u064a<\/b> (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 288 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0645<\/b> \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"copernicus\u062d\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 (107<\/b><\/span>x<\/b><\/span> 4 \u0643\u0645) \u0648\u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0633 (<\/b><\/span>Pytheas<\/b><\/span>): \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 17\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a 1972 \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 22 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\"\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0633) \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a (\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0648). \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u00a0(79\u0652<\/b><\/span>\u03a7\u00a0<\/b><\/span>6\u0643\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0631\u0628: \u00a0<\/b><\/span>(\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646) \u062d\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0626\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 288 \u0647\u0640) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a<\/a>)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\"\u062d\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0640 (<\/b><\/span>Geber<\/b><\/span>) <\/b><\/span>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/h2>\n

    \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 (\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 <\/b><\/span>The Hubble Deep Field<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

    \u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 (\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644) \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u064f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633) \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 13 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629:<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0\"\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644\" <\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/b>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0628(\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 (\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/h2>\n

    \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644(\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0628)<\/b><\/span> James Webb Space Telescope<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

    \"\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a 25 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 (\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u063a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0623\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 6.5 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c(\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a 2,4 \u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a 220 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631<\/b><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/h2>\n

    \"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    <\/h2>\n

    \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0628 <\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n
      \n
    • \n

      \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 (\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644) \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 13 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0636\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627.\u00a0\u00a0\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0636\u0648\u0621\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u062a\u064f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0648\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0647\u0627. \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0646\u0627 “\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0628” \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648) \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 (\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0628) \u0627\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 (\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644) \u0628\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c\u00a0<\/b>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643 <\/b>\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 8 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0648\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 8 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0649! \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629<\/span><\/h1>\n
        \n
      • \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0646\u0627.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u0630\u064f\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064e \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649..! \u0647\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646..\u061f \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636..\u061f \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u062d\u0642\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627<\/strong>) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627<\/span>\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 <\/span>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0647.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631(\u0643\u0650\u0628\u0644\u0631)<\/b> <\/span>Kepler mission<\/span> \u064a\u0633\u0628\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 2009\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631<\/b><\/span>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/b> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a 2003<\/span>\u0645, \u0635\u064e\u0648\u0651\u0631\u064e \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 15 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \n

        \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646.<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n
      • \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 <\/span>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \n
        • \n

          \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0629\u060c<\/span>\u00a0\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u062f<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621<\/span> \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n

          \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u0644\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0622\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

           <\/p>\n

          *\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0665 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0664 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0666 \u0648\u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0662\u0665 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661!<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 (\u0645\u0650\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628) \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a James Webb Space Telescope JWST \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u201d\u060c \u0648\u201d\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0661\u0660 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0662\u0665 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":100709,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-13845","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-32"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13845","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/64"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13845"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13845\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/100709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13845"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13845"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}