{"id":122336,"date":"2007-12-11T11:48:55","date_gmt":"2007-12-11T10:48:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab\/"},"modified":"2024-01-23T23:35:19","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T22:35:19","slug":"%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 1967 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0622\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f: \u0645\u0635\u0631 (\u0628\u0639\u062f 1970 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635)\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u0639\u062f 1987) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 (\u0628\u0639\u062f 2003).<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646. <\/p>\n

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\n\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635). \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

1-2\t\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0623\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0623\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0623\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

1-3\t\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

1-4\t\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0647\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b” \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646 “\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b” \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b” \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 (\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

1-5 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645 “\u0643\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0630\u0645\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629). \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 (\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646). \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1780 \u06481857). \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. <\/p>\n

\u0646\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.
\n\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629). \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 (\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 (\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629:ACHE). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0639\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629
\n2-1 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629:<\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0634\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n

3- \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f .<\/p>\n

2-2 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0628\u0634 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0651\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n

2-3 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b (\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

2-4 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0648\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a).<\/p>\n

2-5 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647). <\/p>\n

2-6 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629). \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1990 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0636\u062f \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646…<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2005\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

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3- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. 3-1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628”\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n

3-2 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629” \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631” “\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621”. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 “\u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629” \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. <\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.(\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0646\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648” “Le Prado” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0633 \u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648” \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

4- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0633\u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u064b\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0643\u060c \u063a\u0635\u0648\u0628\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0645 \u060c \u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645) \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. <\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0635\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062d \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627…)<\/p>\n

5- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a 1956 \u0648 1960 (\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627) \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 (\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635) \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 1973\u060c 1974\u060c 1978 \u0648 1979 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2000 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u060c\u064b \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0645\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0643\u0648 (\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 CCC (\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a” \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645).
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062d\u0644\u0647: \u0643\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0630. \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u062c (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0644\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 (\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646).<\/p>\n

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\n\u0648\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u2013\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644) \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 (\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647).<\/p>\n

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\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 “\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0633” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627.<\/p>\n

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ildes@sodetel.net.lb<\/p>\n

* \u062f. \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0628\u0643\u064a: \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641- \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1- \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 1-1 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062c\u062d \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-122336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=122336"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122336\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=122336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=122336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=122336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}